Barton's Bible Study Notes

Romans 14:13-23

SUMMARY: In instructing his readers how to live in harmony with one another, Paul exhorts some (Gentiles) not to exercise their freedom of faith in such a way that it harms other believers (Jews).
  I.  The First Issue VERSES 14:13-15
A.  The Initial Exhortation:
1.  The Negative: Therefore let us not judge one another anymore, (13a)
2.  The Positive: but rather determine this–not to put an obstacle or a stumbling block in a brother’s way. (13b)
B.  The Relevant Principles:
1.  First:
a.  The Certainty: I know and am convinced in the Lord Jesus (14a)
b.  The Issue: that nothing is unclean in itself (14b)
2.  Second: but to him who thinks anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean. (14c)
3.  Third:
a.  If: For if because of food your brother is hurt, (15a)
b.  Then: you are no longer walking according to love. (15b)
C.  The Concluding Exhortation: Do not destroy with your food him for whom Christ died. (15c)
 
 II.  The Second Issue VERSES 14:16-20
A.  The Initial Exhortation: Therefore do not let what is for you a good thing be spoken of as evil; (16)
B.  The Relevant Principles:
1.  First:
a.  The Negative: for the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, (17a)
b.  The Positive: but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. (17b)
2.  Second: For he who in this way serves Christ is acceptable to God and approved by men. (18)
3.  Third:
a.  The Action: So then we pursue (19a)
b.  The Objects:
(1)  First: the things which make for peace (19b)
(2)  Second: and the building up of one another. (19c)
C.  The Concluding Exhortation: Do not tear down the work of God for the sake of food. (20a)
 
III.  The Conclusion VERSES 14:20-23
A.  The Principles Restated:
1.  First: All things indeed are clean (20b)
2.  Second: but they are evil for the man who eats and gives offense. (20c)
B.  The Applications Made
1.  First: It is good not to eat meat or to drink wine, or to do anything by which your brother stumbles. (21)
2.  Second:
a.  The Action: The faith which you have, have as your own conviction before God. (22a)
b.  The Attitude: Happy is he who does not condemn himself in what he approves. (22b)
3.  Third:
a.  Conclusion: But he who doubts is condemned if he eats, (23a)
b.  Minor Premise: because his eating is not from faith; (23b)
c.  Major Premise: and whatever is not from faith is sin. (23c)