Barton's Bible Study Notes

Romans 14:1-12

SUMMARY: This sacrificial and sanctified life is one in which we live in harmony with those of differing opinions. Paul is writing to a church that has both Jewish and Gentile segments. These segments often clashed, especially in regard to the observance of Jewish ceremonial law. Therefore the Apostle instructs some (Gentiles) not to scorn those (Jews) who did not exercise the freedom they had, and others (Jews), not to condemn those (Gentiles) who exercised freedoms they did not have.
  I.  The General Exhortation VERSE 1:4
A.  The Positive: Now accept the one who is weak in faith, (1a)
B.  The Negative: but not for the purpose of passing judgment on his opinions. (1b)
 
 II.  The Specific Exhortations VERSES 14:2-5
A.  Case One:
1.  The Issue:
a.  One Man: One person has faith that he may eat all things, (2a)
b.  Another Man: but he who is weak eats vegetables only. (2b)
2.  The Instructions:
a.  Non-vegetarian: The one who eats is not to regard with contempt the one who does not eat, (3a)
b.  Vegetarian:
(1)  Exhortation: and the one who does not eat is not to judge the one who eats, (3b)
(2)  Explanation:
(a)  Statement: for God has accepted him. (3c)
(b)  Question: Who are you to judge the servant of another? (4a)
(c)  Principle: To his own master he stands or falls; (4b)
(d)  Promise: and he will stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand. (4c)
B.  Case Two:
1.  The Issue:
a.  One Man: One person regards one day above another, (5a)
b.  Another Man: another regards every day alike. (5b)
2.  The Instructions: Each person must be fully convinced in his own mind. (5c)
 
III.  The Explanation VERSES 14:6-9
A.  The Specific Examples:
1.  First:
a.  Who: He who observes the day, (6a)
b.  What: observes it for the Lord, (6b)
2.  Second:
a.  Who: and he who eats, (6c)
b.  What: does so for the Lord, for he gives thanks to God; (6d)
3.  Third:
a.  Who: and he who eats not, (6e)
b.  What: for the Lord he does not eat, and gives thanks to God. (6f)
B.  The General Principles:
1.  Negatively: For not one of us lives for himself, and not one dies for himself; (7)
2.  Positively:
a.  First:
(1)  If: for if we live, (8a)
(2)  Then: we live for the Lord, (8b)
b.  Second:
(1)  If: or if we die, (8c)
(2)  Then: we die for the Lord; (8d)
3.  Conclusion:
a.  The Statement: therefore whether we live or die, we are the Lord’s. (8e)
b.  The Reason:
(1)  What: For to this end Christ died and lived again, (9a)
(2)  Why: that He might be Lord both of the dead and of the living. (9b)
 
IV.  Conclusion VERSES 14:10-12
A.  The Questions:
1.  First: But you, why do you judge your brother? (10a)
2.  Second: Or you again, why do you regard your brother with contempt? (10b)
B.  The Explanation:
1.  The Statement: For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God. (10c)
2.  The Scripture: For it is written,
“AS I LIVE, SAYS THE LORD, EVERY KNEE SHALL BOW TO ME, AND EVERY TONGUE SHALL GIVE PRAISE TO GOD.”  (Isaiah 45:23)
(11)
3.  The Conclusion: So then each one of us will give an account of himself to God. (12)